The
spanish flu
was a type A form of
influenza virus
that started in a
bird host
(bird flu) , as discovered during later research. At some point, it was transmitted to mammals. Influenza types A and B are responsible for seasonal epidemics of flu (outbreaks in communities).
What year was bird flu pandemic?
The year 2005 has been dubbed ‘the year of bird flu’. Across the globe, the fear of
avian influenza
has caused government officials to place a higher priority on developing plans to deal with pandemic influenza.
How is Covid 19 different from 1918 flu?
Victims of the 1918 influenza mostly died from secondary bacterial pneumonia, while victims of COVID-19 mostly died from an overactive immune response resulting in organ failure The key major differences between the pandemics are highlighted in table 1.
How did the Spanish flu go from birds to humans?
If a bird flu virus swaps genetic material with a human form of the virus, this process creates a virus that can now spread from human to human Humans can catch the bird flu virus from infected birds or surfaces contaminated with excretions from infected birds.
Was the Spanish flu avian or swine?
The phylogenetic studies of all eight RNA gene segments of influenza A viruses may indicate that the 1918 pandemic strain originated from a H1N1 swine virus , which itself might be derived from a H1N1 avian precursor, which was separated from the bulk of other avian viruses in toto a long time ago.
How long did the black plague last?
One of the worst plagues in history arrived at Europe’s shores in 1347. Five years later, some 25 to 50 million people were dead. One of the worst plagues in history arrived at Europe’s shores in 1347. Five years later, some 25 to 50 million people were dead.
How many years have we had a flu vaccine?
Vaccination against influenza began in the 1930s, with large-scale availability in the United States beginning in 1945 It is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines.
How long did it take to develop the flu vaccine?
Starting in the 1930s , it took decades of research to understand the complexities of the influenza virus, and it wasn’t until 1945 that the first vaccine was approved for use in the US.
What country did bird flu come from?
Influenza A/H5N1 was first isolated from a goose in China in 1996.
human infections
were first reported in 1997 in Hong Kong.
Is H1N1 a bird flu?
A: In the last decade we’ve really had two major circulating forms of virus that we’re particularly concerned about — that is the avian flu, or bird flu, and the swine H1N1 virus. They are both influenza A viruses, but in terms of their genetic makeup and how they behave they are very, very different infections.
Will the vaccine end the pandemic?
“The long answer is that unless 85% of Americans get the vaccine, we are not even going to get close to ending the pandemic”.
How long do antibodies last for Covid?
Early on, researchers thought that natural immunity to COVID-19 only lasted for about 2 to 3 months before fading. As the pandemic continued, experts started finding evidence that natural immunity could last for almost a year after infection.
How long is Covid contagious for?
In high-risk settings, they may be considered infectious from 72 hours before symptoms start People with mild illness are generally considered to be recovered after 7 days if they have been asymptomatic or have not developed any new symptoms during this time.
What animal did the flu come from?
Answer: Influenza is a virus that’s spread from person to person. It originates, actually, among birds and other animals such as pigs , and new viral strains of influenza come to this country and to Europe from Southeast Asia. That’s the global pattern.
How did the bird flu start?
Virus origin The highly pathogenic H5N1 strain emerged in commercial geese in Asia in around 1996 , and spread in poultry throughout Europe and Africa in the early 2000s. By 2005, the strain was causing mass deaths in wild birds, first in East Asia and then in Europe.
Did swine flu come from birds?
In 1998, swine flu was found in pigs in four U.S. states. Within a year, it had spread through pig populations across the United States. Scientists found this virus had originated in pigs as a recombinant form of flu strains from birds and humans.
How long did the swine flu last for?
The 2009 swine flu pandemic, caused by the H1N1 influenza virus and declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) from June 2009 to August 2010 , is the third recent flu pandemic involving the H1N1 virus (the first being the 1918–1920 Spanish flu pandemic and the second being the 1977 Russian flu).
What was the population of the world in 1918?
Demographers estimate the global population in 1918 at about 1.8 billion persons These figures suggest that about 30% of the world’s population was infected during that pandemic and that it killed about 2.7% of that population. We have more complete records of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
When was the flu vaccine invented?
1942 : A vaccine that includes both influenza A and influenza B viruses is produced after the discovery of influenza B viruses. 1945: The first flu A vaccine is licensed for use in the United States.
Why is there no vaccine for bird flu?
“We use this tool only if we admit that we cannot control the infection by classical ways.” The United States has not authorized the use of avian influenza vaccines because of the trade implications , hoping culling will stop its current outbreak.
Is the bird flu still around?
There are currently no human cases of this avian flu in the United States , but it could still have an impact.
Is bird flu still around 2022?
Learn about 2022 detections of HPAI in Commercial and Backyard Flocks. Wild birds can be infected with HPAI and show no signs of illness They can carry the disease to new areas when migrating, potentially exposing domestic poultry to the virus.
How long is Covid positive after recovery?
Recovered patients: Patients who have recovered from COVID-19 can continue to have detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in upper respiratory specimens for up to 3 months after illness onset.
What is long Covid?
Some people who have been infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 can experience long-term effects from their infection , known as post-COVID conditions (PCC) or long COVID.
What year did Covid start?
January 21 , CDC Confirms First US Coronavirus Case A Washington state resident becomes the first person in the United States with a confirmed case of the 2019 novel coronavirus, having returned from Wuhan on January 15, thanks to overnight polymerase chain reaction testing.
When bird flu struck what happened to the market for chicken?
NEW DELHI: The bird flu outbreak across 10 states has triggered a 10-35% drop in prices of chicken and chicken-based products and a 10% fall in prices of eggs at the retail level. Wholesale prices have crashed 60% for chicken and 27% for eggs as companies and suppliers grapple with a reduction in demand.
Did the Spanish flu have an animal reservoir?
The predominant natural reservoir of influenza viruses is thought to be wild waterfowl (Webster et al. 1992). Periodically, genetic material from avian virus strains is transferred to virus strains infectious to humans by a process called reassortment.
Why does bird flu spread quickly?
Open-air markets, where eggs and birds are sold in crowded and unsanitary conditions, are hotbeds of infection and can spread the disease into the wider community Undercooked poultry meat or eggs from infected birds can transmit bird flu.
What’s the deadliest pandemic in history?
1918 flu : 50-100 million (1918-1920).
Was the Spanish flu A Biological Weapon?
The origins of the deadly flu disease were unknown but widely speculated upon. Some of the allies thought of the epidemic as a biological warfare tool of the Germans Many thought it was a result of the trench warfare, the use of mustard gases and the generated “smoke and fumes” of the war.
Is H1N1 the Spanish flu?
The 1918 influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history. It was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin Although there is not universal consensus regarding where the virus originated, it spread worldwide during 1918-1919.
Did rats spread the plague?
In cases of plague since the late 1800s—including an outbreak in Madagascar in 2017— rats and other rodents helped spread the disease.
How did the Pope survive the Black Death?
Pope Clement chose to stay in Avignon during the Black Death and survived the worst of the plague, though a third of his cardinals died. His survival may have been due, in large part, to his doctors’ advice to sit between two huge fires, even in the heat of summer.
What stopped the bubonic plague?
How did it end? The most popular theory of how the plague ended is through the implementation of quarantines The uninfected would typically remain in their homes and only leave when it was necessary, while those who could afford to do so would leave the more densely populated areas and live in greater isolation.
How many pandemics have been there?
There have been 249 Pandemics throughout recorded history from 1,200 BC, up to the Covid- 19 virus today.
How effective is the flu vaccine 2022?
Vaccine effectiveness varies depending on the outcome being measured, the age group affected (as vaccine effectiveness is generally lower in older people), and the match between vaccine and circulating influenza strains. Estimates of flu vaccine effectiveness is 40-60% in the United States and 30-60% in Australia.
When do viruses mutate?
” Every time the virus jumps to a new person , its chance of mutation increases. We must use the tools we have – especially the COVID-19 vaccine – to help reduce the spread. Decreasing the number of infections in a community is the best way to prevent new variants from developing,” Dr. Best says.
What are the worst days of the flu?
- Flu Day 1. The second stage of the flu is actually day one. You may wake up feeling fine, but feel progressively worse as the day goes on
- Flu Day 3. The third day is often the worst flu stage. This is the day when many symptoms are the most intense
- Flu Day 5. By day five, you should be starting to feel better.
How many died of measles before vaccine?
Pre-vaccine era In the first decade of reporting, an average of 6,000 measles-related deaths were reported each year In the decade before 1963 when a vaccine became available, nearly all children got measles by the time they were 15 years of age.
Was the bird flu a pandemic or epidemic?
Unlike most pandemics, which emerge randomly, H5N1 has been recognized as a likely pandemic candidate for almost 10 years. Experts from the World Health Organization consider the current pandemic alert level to be stage 3.
Can you get bird flu from eating chicken?
You cannot get bird flu from eating fully cooked chicken , turkey, or duck, because heat kills the virus. In a few cases, bird flu was passed from one person to another person, not from a bird to a person. But this was very rare.
What’s the Ebola death rate?
The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. The average EVD case fatality rate is around 50% Case fatality rates have varied from 25% to 90% in past outbreaks. Community engagement is key to successfully controlling outbreaks.
Sources
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21777-spanish-flu
https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html#:~:text=The%201918%20influenza%20pandemic%20was,spread%20worldwide%20during%201918%2D1919.
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/journal-plague-year-180965222/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16806732/