Equine viral rhinopneumonitis (EVR) produces an acute respiratory catarrh, which is inflammation due to excessive discharge or buildup of mucus in the throat and nose The Type I strain of EVR is the most common virus found in horses.
What are the symptoms of rhinopneumonitis in horses?
Signs of infection include fever, nasal discharge, depression, throat inflammation (pharyngitis), cough, poor appetite, and enlarged lymph nodes Horses infected with EHV-1 strains often develop a fever that rises, falls, and then rises again.
What causes equine rhinopneumonitis?
The upper respiratory tract of horses serves as a reservoir for the virus causing “rhino.” This is most frequently observed in areas of high horse population. The virus may be spread by direct contact, air·borne routes, feed and water contamination, and possibly by improper routes of vaccination.
How do you prevent rhinopneumonitis in horses?
Primary indications for use of
equine herpesvirus vaccines
include prevention of
ehv-1-induced abortion
, and reduction of severity and duration of signs of respiratory tract disease (rhinopneumonitis) in foals, weanlings, yearlings, young performance and show horses that are at high risk for exposure.
How common is equine herpesvirus?
EHV is a common DNA virus that occurs in horse populations worldwide The two most common species are EHV-1, which causes abortion, respiratory disease and
neurologic disease
; and EHV-4, which usually causes respiratory disease only but can occasionally cause abortion and rarely neurological disease.
Does my horse need rhino vaccine?
To recap, your horse should at least receive EWT/WN and
rabies vaccinations
once a year. In general, we recommend that your horse receive EWT/WN, PHF/Rabies, Strangles, and Flu/Rhino in the Spring, and PHF and Flu/Rhino in the Fall.
When do you give Pneumabort?
Annual. The EHV-1 vaccine (Pneumabort) is given at 3, 5, 7, and 9 months gestation to lower the risk of abortion due to EHV.
How do horses get equine influenza?
Equine influenza is one of the most common illnesses seen by horse veterinarians in the United States. It is an airborne disease that is spread mainly through horses coughing An infected horse can spread the germs to horses that are up to 160 feet away.
Can a horse recover from EHV-1?
In most cases, horses exposed to EHV-1 will develop a fever and possibly nasal discharge and then go on to recover However, the neurologic EHM strain has a high mortality rate of 30-50%. Recovery time can vary from several days to more than a year.
What’s in a 5 way horse vaccine?
A “5-way” ( EEE/WEE, Tetanus, Influenza, and Rhino ) vaccine is administered to 4-H, exhibition, and breeding or boarding barn horses. Depending on the risk, these vaccines may be repeated in 6-month intervals. For the 4-H clients, we also vaccinate annually for Rabies virus.
What shots does a
pregnant mare need
?
The mare should be vaccinated for Eastern and Western encephalomyelitis, West Nile virus, influenza and tetanus at the beginning of pregnancy. A booster should be given one month prior to foaling to increase the antibody level in the mare’s colostrum (first milk) and help protect the newborn foal from disease.
What is in a 7 way horse vaccine?
7-way protection: West Nile + 3-way Sleeping Sickness + Tet + Flu + Rhino Safe for use in horses 4 months of age or older. Safe for use in pregnant mares. Contains Kentucky Lineage (KY/95), Florida sublineage clade 1 (OH/03) and Eurasian Newmarket/2/93 (NM 2/93) equine influenza starins.
How often do horses get flu rhino vaccine?
Rhinopneumonitis (Eq Herpesvirus) and Influenza [Rhino/flu *]: Vaccinate every 6 months.
What are the signs of equine herpesvirus?
The signs of neurologic EHV-1 infection range from mild hind limb ataxia (lack of coordination) to urine dribbling and inability to void the bladder properly, loss of sensation around the tailhead and thighs, weakness in the hind limbs severe enough to cause difficulty in rising, and weakness severe enough that the.
What vaccines do horses really need?
The AAEP considers the “core vaccines” which all horses should have regardless of their age or use to be Rabies vaccine, Encephalitis/Tetanus vaccine, and West Nile Virus vaccine Many horses, based on their age and use, should also be vaccinated for the respiratory diseases- Influenza, Rhinopneumonitis, and Strangles.
What are the core mandatory vaccinations for horses?
- VACCINATION MAINTENANCE. Regimen required for the following
- TETANUS. One dose annually
- TETANUS. From three months of age
- STRANGLES. From three months of age
- EQUINE HERPES VIRUS. From three months of age
- VACCINATION MAINTENANCE. Regimen required for the following
- STRANGLES. One dose every six months
- FEMALE BREEDING HORSES ONLY.
What are the recommended vaccines for all horses?
Again, ALL horses should receive the core vaccines ( rabies, EEE/WEE, tetanus, and West Nile Virus ). The risk-based vaccines will depend on if your horse travels, your geographic location, breeding status, and other considerations.
When should you worm a pregnant mare?
Pregnant mares should be administered ivermectin or a benzimidazole 1–3 days before foaling to prevent lactogenic transmission of Strongyloides westeri, which can cause diarrhea in young foals.
Can you abort a horse pregnancy?
The abortion of a well-grown foal is a distressing event and may be associated with dystocia (difficult foaling), requiring veterinary help.
Is equine herpesvirus notifiable?
EHV is not a notifiable disease by law – however, horses that show clinical signs or have been in recent contact with the disease should not be exported. Good stud management is essential in the prevention of EHV.
How long does it take for a horse to recover from equine influenza?
What is the prognosis for equine influenza? The prognosis for infected horses is good, with recovery occurring in approximately 2-3 weeks Although equine influenza infection very rarely results in fatality, severely affected horses can be out of work for up to 6 months.
Can you prevent equine influenza?
Prevention of influenza requires hygienic management practices and vaccination Exposure can be reduced by isolation of newly introduced horses for 2 wk. Numerous vaccines are commercially available for prevention of equine influenza.
What is the treatment for equine influenza?
There is no specific treatment for equine influenza , with many horses needing mostly supportive and nursing care. Sometimes there is a secondary bacterial infection which can need further treatment. Your horse will need a minimum of six weeks rest to recover and your vet will advise you on this.
What is the difference between EHV-1 and EHV-4?
Equine herpesviruses are very common DNA viruses in horse populations worldwide. The two most significant are EHV-1, which causes respiratory disease, abortion, and neurologic disease; and EHV-4, which primarily causes respiratory disease and only occasionally can cause abortion or neurologic disease.
Can people spread EHV-1?
It is important to realize that EHV-1 can also be spread indirectly through contact with physi- cal objects contaminated with infectious virus Examples of such objects include: Tack, • Wipe rags or other grooming equipment, • Feed and water buckets, and • People’s hands or clothing.
What is a good deworming schedule for horses?
- APRIL: Deworm all moderate and high horses with an Ivermectin product or Quest. Deworming of low horses is optional.
- JULY: Deworm all moderate and high horses with Strongid. Do not deworm Low horses.
- OCTOBER: Deworm all horses with Quest Plus.
- DECEMBER: Deworm only High horses with Ivermectin.
How often do you worm a horse?
Usually, worming is advised every 6-8 weeks However, it’s important you develop a sustainable worming program for your own property. Effective worm control, combined with pasture management, will protect the health of your horses. Every animal carries parasites, including horses.
How often do horses need vaccines?
Vaccination is recommended every 6-12 months There are several other vaccines available for horses.
References
https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/animal-disease-information/equine/ehv/equine-herpesvirus
https://www.merckvetmanual.com/horse-owners/lung-and-airway-disorders-of-horses/equine-herpesvirus-infection-equine-viral-rhinopneumonitis